scone M. Boucadair Internet-Draft Orange Intended status: Standards Track D. Wing Expires: 19 June 2025 Cloud Software Group T. Reddy Nokia S. Rajagopalan Cloud Software Group G. Mishra Verizon Inc M. Amend Deutsche Telekom L. Contreras Telefonica 16 December 2024 Discovery of Network Rate-Limit Policies (NRLPs) draft-brw-scone-rate-policy-discovery-02 Abstract This document specifies mechanims for hosts to dynamically discover Network Rate-Limit Policies (NRLPs). This information is then passed to applications that might adjust their behaviors accordingly. Networks already support mechanisms to advertize a set of network properties to hosts (e.g., link MTU (RFC 4861) and PREFIX64 (RFC 8781)). This document complements these tools and specifies a Neighbor Discovery option to be used in Router Advertisements (RAs) to communicate NRLPs to hosts. For address family parity, a new DHCP option is also defined. The document also discusses how Provisioning Domains (PvD) can be used to notify hosts with NRLPs. Discussion Venues This note is to be removed before publishing as an RFC. Source for this draft and an issue tracker can be found at https://github.com/boucadair/draft-xxx-ac-rate-policy-discovery. Status of This Memo This Internet-Draft is submitted in full conformance with the provisions of BCP 78 and BCP 79. Boucadair, et al. Expires 19 June 2025 [Page 1] Internet-Draft Rate-Limit Policies Discovery December 2024 Internet-Drafts are working documents of the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF). Note that other groups may also distribute working documents as Internet-Drafts. The list of current Internet- Drafts is at https://datatracker.ietf.org/drafts/current/. Internet-Drafts are draft documents valid for a maximum of six months and may be updated, replaced, or obsoleted by other documents at any time. It is inappropriate to use Internet-Drafts as reference material or to cite them other than as "work in progress." This Internet-Draft will expire on 19 June 2025. Copyright Notice Copyright (c) 2024 IETF Trust and the persons identified as the document authors. All rights reserved. This document is subject to BCP 78 and the IETF Trust's Legal Provisions Relating to IETF Documents (https://trustee.ietf.org/ license-info) in effect on the date of publication of this document. Please review these documents carefully, as they describe your rights and restrictions with respect to this document. Code Components extracted from this document must include Revised BSD License text as described in Section 4.e of the Trust Legal Provisions and are provided without warranty as described in the Revised BSD License. Table of Contents 1. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 2. Conventions and Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 3. Common NLRP Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 3.1. Instance Flags (IF) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 3.2. Traffic Category (TC) & Throughput Parameters . . . . . . 5 4. IPv6 RA NRLP Option . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 4.1. Option Format . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 4.2. IPv6 Host Behavior . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 5. DHCP NRLP Option . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 5.1. Option Format . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 5.2. DHCPv4 Client Behavior . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 6. Provisioning Domains . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 7. Security Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 7.1. ND . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 7.2. DHCP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 8. IANA Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 8.1. Neighbor Discovery Option . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 8.2. DHCP Option . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 8.3. DHCP Options Permitted in the RADIUS DHCPv4-Options Attribute . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 Boucadair, et al. Expires 19 June 2025 [Page 2] Internet-Draft Rate-Limit Policies Discovery December 2024 8.4. Provisioning Domains Split DNS Additional Information . . 12 8.5. New PvD Network Rate-Limit Policies (NRLPs) Registry . . 13 9. References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 9.1. Normative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 9.2. Informative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 Appendix A. Example of Authentication, Authorization, and Accounting (AAA) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 Acknowledgments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 Authors' Addresses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 1. Introduction To optimally deliver connectivity services via a network attachment, networks advertize a set of network properties [RFC9473] to connected hosts such as: Link Maximum Transmission Unit (MTU): For example, the 3GPP [TS-23.501] specifies that "the link MTU size for IPv4 is sent to the UE by including it in the PCO (see TS 24.501). The link MTU size for IPv6 is sent to the UE by including it in the IPv6 Router Advertisement message (see RFC 4861)". Section 2.10 of [RFC7066] indicates that a cellular host should honor the MTU option in the Router Advertisement (Section 4.6.4 of [RFC4861]) given that the 3GPP system architecture uses extensive tunneling in its packet core network below the 3GPP link, and this may lead to packet fragmentation issues. MTU is cited as an example of path properties in Section 4 of [RFC9473]. Prefixes of Network Address and Protocol Translation from IPv6 clients to IPv4 servers (NAT64) [RFC8781]: This option is useful to enable local DNSSEC validation, support networks with no DNS64, support IPv4 address literals on an IPv6-only host, etc. NAT is cited as an example of path properties (see "Service Function" bullet in Section 4 of [RFC9473]). Traffic exchanged over a network may be subject to rate-limit policies for various operational reasons. [I-D.brw-scone-throughput-advice-blob] specifies a generic object (called, Throughput Advice) that can be used by mechanims for hosts to dynamically discover these network rate-limit policies. This information can then passed to applications that might adjust their behaviors accordingly. Boucadair, et al. Expires 19 June 2025 [Page 3] Internet-Draft Rate-Limit Policies Discovery December 2024 Given that all IPv6 hosts and networks are required to support Neighbor Discovery [RFC4861], this document specifies a Neighbor Discovery option to be used in Router Advertisements (RAs) to communicate rate-limit policies to hosts (Section 4). The main motivations for the use of ND for such a discovery are listed in Section 3 of [RFC8781]: * Fate sharing * Atomic configuration * Updatability: change the policy at any time * Deployability For address family parity, a DHCP option [RFC2132] is also defined for IPv4 in Section 5. Section 6 describes a discovery approach using Provisioning Domains (PvDs) [RFC8801]. These options are called: Network Rate-Limit Policy (NRLP). Whether host-to-network, network-to-host, or both policies are returned in an NRLP is deployment specific. All these combinations are supported in this document. Also, the design supports returning one more NRLP instances for a given traffic direction. Applications will have access to all available NRLPs and will, thus, adjust their behavior as a function of scope and traffic category indicated in a policy. Likewise, a host with multiple network attachments may use the discovered NRLPs to decide how to distribute its flows over these network attachments (prefer a network attachment to place an application session, migrate connection, etc.). That's said, this document does not make any recommendation about how a receiving host uses the discovered policies. Networks that advertize NLRPs are likely to maintain the policing in place within the network because of the trust model (hosts are not considered as trusted devices). Per-subscriber rate-limit policies are generally recommended to protect nodes against Denial of Service (DoS) attacks (e.g., Section 9.3 of [RFC8803]). Discussion about conditions under which such a trust model can be relaxed is out of scope of this document. To enhance flexibility in applying rate-limiting policies and better accommodate diverse endpoint performance requirements, mechanisms such as solicited Router Advertisements (RAs) [RFC8273] and endpoint- specific DHCP responses can be used. These unicast responses enable granular signaling of rate-limit policies to individual endpoints, Boucadair, et al. Expires 19 June 2025 [Page 4] Internet-Draft Rate-Limit Policies Discovery December 2024 facilitating differentiated rate-limit configurations. However, this document does not prescribe how resources should be partitioned within local networks, as such considerations fall outside its scope. This document does not assume nor preclude that other mechanisms, e.g., Low Latency, Low Loss, and Scalable Throughput (L4S) [RFC9330], are enabled in a bottleneck link. The reader may refer to I-D.brw- scone-manageability for a list of relevant mechanisms. Refer to [NRLP-WIRE] for configuration examples to use NRLP. 2. Conventions and Definitions The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT", "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "NOT RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this document are to be interpreted as described in BCP 14 [RFC2119] [RFC8174] when, and only when, they appear in all capitals, as shown here. This document uses the terms defined in [I-D.brw-scone-throughput-advice-blob]. 3. Common NLRP Parameters The following common fields are present in all NRLP options: 3.1. Instance Flags (IF) The format of this 8-bit flags is shown in Figure 1. This field is used to express some generic properties of the advice. 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ |U|U|U|R|R|D|D|S| +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ Figure 1: Flow flags Field See Section 5 of [I-D.brw-scone-throughput-advice-blob] for the meaning of the R/D/S flags. U are unassigned bits. These bits MUST be set to zero by senders and MUST be ignored by receivers. 3.2. Traffic Category (TC) & Throughput Parameters The following parameters are used: Boucadair, et al. Expires 19 June 2025 [Page 5] Internet-Draft Rate-Limit Policies Discovery December 2024 TC: See Section 5 of [I-D.brw-scone-throughput-advice-blob]. Committed Information Rate (CIR) (Mbps): See Section 5 of [I-D.brw-s cone-throughput-advice-blob]. This is a mandatory parameter. Committed Burst Size (CBS) (bytes): See Section 5 of [I-D.brw-scone- throughput-advice-blob]. This is a mandatory parameter. 4. IPv6 RA NRLP Option 4.1. Option Format The format of the IPv6 RA NRLP option, with only mandatory fields included, is illustrated in Figure 2. MSB LSB 0 1 2 3 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | Type | Length | Instance Flags| TC | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | Committed Information Rate (CIR) | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | Committed Burst Size (CBS) | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ Figure 2: NRLP Option Format The fields of the option shown in Figure 2 are as follows: Type: 8-bit identifier of the NRLP option as assigned by IANA (TBD1) (see Section 8.1). Length: 8-bit unsigned integer. The length of the option (including the Type and Length fields) is in units of 8 octets. Refer to Section 3 for the meaning of the other parameters. 4.2. IPv6 Host Behavior The procedure for rate-limit configuration is the same as it is with any other Neighbor Discovery option [RFC4861]. Boucadair, et al. Expires 19 June 2025 [Page 6] Internet-Draft Rate-Limit Policies Discovery December 2024 The host MUST be prepared to receive multiple NRLP options in RAs; each with distinct scope and/or application group. If the host receives multiple NRLP options with overlapping scope/TC, the host MUST silently discard all these options. If the receiving host has LAN capabilities (e.g., mobile CE or mobile handset with tethering), the following behavior applies: * If an RA NRLP is advertised from the network, and absent local rate-limit policies, the device should send RAs to the downstream attached LAN devices with the same NRLP values received from the network. * If local rate-limit policies are provided to the device, the device may change the scope or values received from the network to accommodate these policies. The device may decide to not relay received RAs to internal nodes if local policies were already advertized using RAs and those policies are consistent with the network policies. Applications running over a host can learn the bitrates associated with a network attachment by invoking a dedicated API. The exact details of the API is OS-specific and, thus, out of scope of this document. 5. DHCP NRLP Option Note that the base DHCP can only signal a rate policy change when the client first joins the network or renews its lease, whereas IPv6 ND can update the rate policy at the network's discretion. [RFC6704] specifies an approach for forcing reconfiguration of individual hosts without suffering from the limitations of the FORCERENEW design in [RFC3203]. 5.1. Option Format The format of the DHCP NRLP option is illustrated in Figure 3. Boucadair, et al. Expires 19 June 2025 [Page 7] Internet-Draft Rate-Limit Policies Discovery December 2024 0 1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | OPTION_V4_NRLP| Length | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ ~ NRLP Instance Data #1 ~ +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ --- . ... . | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ optional ~ NRLP Instance Data #n ~ | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ --- Figure 3: NRLP DHCP Option Format The fields of the option shown in Figure 3 are as follows: Code: OPTION_V4_NRLP (TBD2). (see Section 8.2). Length: Indicates the length of the enclosed data in octets. NRLP Instance Data: Includes a network rate-limit policy. The format of this field with only mandatory parameters is shown in Figure 4. When several NRLPs are to be included, the "NRLP Instance Data" field is repeated. 0 1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | NRLP Instance Data Length | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ |Instance Flags | TC | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | Committed Information Rate | | (CIR) | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | Committed Burst Size (CBS) | | | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ Figure 4: NRLP Instance Data Format with Mandatory Fields The fields shown in Figure 4 are as follows: NRLP Instance Data Length: Length of all following data in octets. This field is set to '8' when only the nominal bitrate is provided for an NLRP instance. Boucadair, et al. Expires 19 June 2025 [Page 8] Internet-Draft Rate-Limit Policies Discovery December 2024 Refer to Section 3 for the meaning of the other parameters. OPTION_V4_NRLP is a concatenation-requiring option. As such, the mechanism specified in [RFC3396] MUST be used if OPTION_V4_NRLP exceeds the maximum DHCP option size of 255 octets. OPTION_V4_NRLP is permitted to be included in the RADIUS DHCPv4-Options Attribute [RFC9445]. 5.2. DHCPv4 Client Behavior To discover a network rate-limit policy, the DHCP client includes OPTION_V4_NRLP in a Parameter Request List option [RFC2132]. The DHCP client MUST be prepared to receive multiple "NRLP Instance Data" field entries in the OPTION_V4_NRLP option; each instance is to be treated as a separate network rate-limit policy. 6. Provisioning Domains PvD may also be used as a mechanism to discover NRLP. Typically, the network will configured to set the H-flag so clients can request PvD Additional Information (Section 4.1 of [RFC8801]). Figure 5 provides an example of the returned "application/pvd+json" to indicate a network-to-host NRLP for all subscriber traffic. The NRLP list may include multiple instances if distinct policies are to be returned for distinct traffic categories. { "nrlp":[ { "direction":0, "scope":0, "tc":0, "cir":50, "cbs":10000, "ebs":20000 } ] } Figure 5: NRLP Example with PvD Boucadair, et al. Expires 19 June 2025 [Page 9] Internet-Draft Rate-Limit Policies Discovery December 2024 7. Security Considerations The techniques discussed in the document offer the following security benefit: An OS can identify the type of application (background, foreground, streaming, real-time, etc.) and enforce appropriate network policies, even if a misbehaving application tries to evade the rate-limit policies. If an application attempts to bypass rate- limiting by changing its 5-tuple or creating multiple flows, the OS can detect this and manage the application's traffic accordingly. 7.1. ND As discussed in [RFC8781], because RAs are required in all IPv6 configuration scenarios, RAs must already be secured, e.g., by deploying an RA-Guard [RFC6105]. Providing all configuration in RAs reduces the attack surface to be targeted by malicious attackers trying to provide hosts with invalid configuration, as compared to distributing the configuration through multiple different mechanisms that need to be secured independently. RAs are already used in mobile networks to advertize the link MTU. The same security considerations for MTU discovery apply for the NRLP discover. An attacker who has access to the RAs exchanged over an AC may: Decrease the bitrate: This may lower the perceived QoS if the host aggressively lowers its transmission rate. Increase the bitrate value: The AC will be overloaded, but still the rate-limit at the network will discard excess traffic. Drop RAs: This is similar to the current operations, where no NRLP RA is shared. Inject fake RAs: The implications are similar to the impacts of tweaking the values of a legitimate RA. 7.2. DHCP An attacker who has access to the DHCP exchanged over an AC may do a lot of harm (e.g., prevent access to the network). The following mechanisms may be considered to mitigate spoofed or modified DHCP responses: DHCPv6-Shield [RFC7610]: The network access node (e.g., a border Boucadair, et al. Expires 19 June 2025 [Page 10] Internet-Draft Rate-Limit Policies Discovery December 2024 router, a CPE, an Access Point (AP)) discards DHCP response messages received from any local endpoint. Source Address Validation Improvement (SAVI) solution for DHCP [RFC7513]: The network access node filters packets with forged source IP addresses. The above mechanisms would ensure that the endpoint receives the correct NRLP information, but these mechanisms cannot provide any information about the DHCP server or the entity hosting the DHCP server. 8. IANA Considerations 8.1. Neighbor Discovery Option This document requests IANA to assign the following new IPv6 Neighbor Discovery Option type in the "IPv6 Neighbor Discovery Option Formats" sub-registry under the "Internet Control Message Protocol version 6 (ICMPv6) Parameters" registry maintained at [IANA-ND]. +======+=============+===============+ | Type | Description | Reference | +======+=============+===============+ | TBD1 | NRLP Option | This-Document | +------+-------------+---------------+ Table 1: Neighbor Discovery NRLP Option Note to the RFC Editor: Please replace all "TBD1" occurrences with the assigned value. 8.2. DHCP Option This document requests IANA to assign the following new DHCP Option Code in the "BOOTP Vendor Extensions and DHCP Options" registry maintained at [IANA-BOOTP]. +======+================+=============+=============+===============+ | Tag | Name | Data Length | Meaning | Reference | +======+================+=============+=============+===============+ | TBD2 | OPTION_V4_NRLP | N | NRLP | This-Document | | | | | Option | | +------+----------------+-------------+-------------+---------------+ Table 2: DHCP NRLP Option Boucadair, et al. Expires 19 June 2025 [Page 11] Internet-Draft Rate-Limit Policies Discovery December 2024 Note to the RFC Editor: Please replace all "TBD2" occurrences with the assigned value. 8.3. DHCP Options Permitted in the RADIUS DHCPv4-Options Attribute This document requests IANA to add the following DHCP Option Code to the "DHCP Options Permitted in the RADIUS DHCPv4-Options Attribute" registry maintained at [IANA-BOOTP]. +======+================+===============+ | Tag | Name | Reference | +======+================+===============+ | TBD2 | OPTION_V4_NRLP | This-Document | +------+----------------+---------------+ Table 3: New DHCP Option Permitted in the RADIUS DHCPv4-Options Attribute Registry 8.4. Provisioning Domains Split DNS Additional Information IANA is requested to add the following entry to the "Additional Information PvD Keys" registry under the "Provisioning Domains (PvDs)" registry group [IANA-PVD]: JSON key: "nrlp" Description: "Network Rate-Limit Policies (NRLPs)" Type: Array of Objects Example: { "nrlp":[ { "scope":0, "direction":0, "tc":0, "cir":50, "cbs": 10000 } ] } Reference: This-Document Boucadair, et al. Expires 19 June 2025 [Page 12] Internet-Draft Rate-Limit Policies Discovery December 2024 8.5. New PvD Network Rate-Limit Policies (NRLPs) Registry IANA is requested to create a new registry "PvD Rate-Limit Policies (NRLPs)" registry, within the "Provisioning Domains (PvDs)" registry group. The initial contents of this registry are provided in Table 4. +=============+================+=========+=========+===============+ | JSON key | Description | Type | Example | Reference | +=============+================+=========+=========+===============+ | scope | Specifies | Boolean | 1 | This-Document | | | whether the | | | | | | policy is per | | | | | | host (when set | | | | | | to "1") or per | | | | | | subscriber | | | | | | (when set to | | | | | | "0) | | | | +-------------+----------------+---------+---------+---------------+ | direction | Indicates the | integer | 1 | This-Document | | | traffic | | | | | | direction to | | | | | | which a policy | | | | | | applies | | | | +-------------+----------------+---------+---------+---------------+ | reliability | Specifies | integer | 1 | This-Document | | | whether the | | | | | | policy is for | | | | | | both reliable | | | | | | and unreliable | | | | | | traffic (when | | | | | | set to "0"), | | | | | | for reliable | | | | | | (when set to | | | | | | "1"), or for | | | | | | unreliable | | | | | | traffic (when | | | | | | set to "2") | | | | +-------------+----------------+---------+---------+---------------+ | tc | Specifies a | Integer | 0 | This-Document | | | traffic | | | | | | category to | | | | | | which this | | | | | | policy applies | | | | +-------------+----------------+---------+---------+---------------+ | cir | Committed | Integer | 50 | This-Document | | | Information | | | | Boucadair, et al. Expires 19 June 2025 [Page 13] Internet-Draft Rate-Limit Policies Discovery December 2024 | | Rate (CIR) | | | | +-------------+----------------+---------+---------+---------------+ | cbs | Committed | Integer | 10000 | This-Document | | | Burst Size | | | | | | (CBS) | | | | +-------------+----------------+---------+---------+---------------+ Table 4: Initial PvD Network Rate-Limit Policies (NRLPs) Registry Content Assignments must not be added directly to the "PvD Network Rate-Limit Policies (NRLPs)" registry. When a new attribute is added to the "SCONE Rate-Limit Policy Objects" Registry Group created by [I-D.brw-scone-throughput-advice-blob], a new JSON key is mirrored in the "PvD Network Rate-Limit Policies (NRLPs)" registry. 9. References 9.1. Normative References [I-D.brw-scone-throughput-advice-blob] Boucadair, M., Wing, D., Reddy.K, T., Rajagopalan, S., and L. M. Contreras, "Throughput Advice Object for SCONE", Work in Progress, Internet-Draft, draft-brw-scone- throughput-advice-blob-02, 13 December 2024, . [RFC2119] Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119, DOI 10.17487/RFC2119, March 1997, . [RFC2132] Alexander, S. and R. Droms, "DHCP Options and BOOTP Vendor Extensions", RFC 2132, DOI 10.17487/RFC2132, March 1997, . [RFC3396] Lemon, T. and S. Cheshire, "Encoding Long Options in the Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCPv4)", RFC 3396, DOI 10.17487/RFC3396, November 2002, . [RFC4861] Narten, T., Nordmark, E., Simpson, W., and H. Soliman, "Neighbor Discovery for IP version 6 (IPv6)", RFC 4861, DOI 10.17487/RFC4861, September 2007, . Boucadair, et al. Expires 19 June 2025 [Page 14] Internet-Draft Rate-Limit Policies Discovery December 2024 [RFC8174] Leiba, B., "Ambiguity of Uppercase vs Lowercase in RFC 2119 Key Words", BCP 14, RFC 8174, DOI 10.17487/RFC8174, May 2017, . [RFC8801] Pfister, P., Vyncke, É., Pauly, T., Schinazi, D., and W. Shao, "Discovering Provisioning Domain Names and Data", RFC 8801, DOI 10.17487/RFC8801, July 2020, . [RFC9445] Boucadair, M., Reddy.K, T., and A. DeKok, "RADIUS Extensions for DHCP-Configured Services", RFC 9445, DOI 10.17487/RFC9445, August 2023, . 9.2. Informative References [IANA-BOOTP] IANA, "BOOTP Vendor Extensions and DHCP Options", . [IANA-ND] IANA, "IPv6 Neighbor Discovery Option Formats", . [IANA-PVD] IANA, "Provisioning Domains (PvDs)", . [NRLP-WIRE] "Examples of Wire Format Options", . [RFC2865] Rigney, C., Willens, S., Rubens, A., and W. Simpson, "Remote Authentication Dial In User Service (RADIUS)", RFC 2865, DOI 10.17487/RFC2865, June 2000, . [RFC3203] T'Joens, Y., Hublet, C., and P. De Schrijver, "DHCP reconfigure extension", RFC 3203, DOI 10.17487/RFC3203, December 2001, . [RFC6105] Levy-Abegnoli, E., Van de Velde, G., Popoviciu, C., and J. Mohacsi, "IPv6 Router Advertisement Guard", RFC 6105, DOI 10.17487/RFC6105, February 2011, . Boucadair, et al. Expires 19 June 2025 [Page 15] Internet-Draft Rate-Limit Policies Discovery December 2024 [RFC6704] Miles, D., Dec, W., Bristow, J., and R. Maglione, "Forcerenew Nonce Authentication", RFC 6704, DOI 10.17487/RFC6704, August 2012, . [RFC7066] Korhonen, J., Ed., Arkko, J., Ed., Savolainen, T., and S. Krishnan, "IPv6 for Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) Cellular Hosts", RFC 7066, DOI 10.17487/RFC7066, November 2013, . [RFC7513] Bi, J., Wu, J., Yao, G., and F. Baker, "Source Address Validation Improvement (SAVI) Solution for DHCP", RFC 7513, DOI 10.17487/RFC7513, May 2015, . [RFC7610] Gont, F., Liu, W., and G. Van de Velde, "DHCPv6-Shield: Protecting against Rogue DHCPv6 Servers", BCP 199, RFC 7610, DOI 10.17487/RFC7610, August 2015, . [RFC8273] Brzozowski, J. and G. Van de Velde, "Unique IPv6 Prefix per Host", RFC 8273, DOI 10.17487/RFC8273, December 2017, . [RFC8781] Colitti, L. and J. Linkova, "Discovering PREF64 in Router Advertisements", RFC 8781, DOI 10.17487/RFC8781, April 2020, . [RFC8803] Bonaventure, O., Ed., Boucadair, M., Ed., Gundavelli, S., Seo, S., and B. Hesmans, "0-RTT TCP Convert Protocol", RFC 8803, DOI 10.17487/RFC8803, July 2020, . [RFC9330] Briscoe, B., Ed., De Schepper, K., Bagnulo, M., and G. White, "Low Latency, Low Loss, and Scalable Throughput (L4S) Internet Service: Architecture", RFC 9330, DOI 10.17487/RFC9330, January 2023, . [RFC9473] Enghardt, R. and C. Krähenbühl, "A Vocabulary of Path Properties", RFC 9473, DOI 10.17487/RFC9473, September 2023, . [TS-23.501] 3GPP, "TS 23.501: System architecture for the 5G System (5GS)", 2024, . Boucadair, et al. Expires 19 June 2025 [Page 16] Internet-Draft Rate-Limit Policies Discovery December 2024 Appendix A. Example of Authentication, Authorization, and Accounting (AAA) Figure 6 provides an example of the exchanges that might occur between a DHCP server and an Authentication, Authorization, and Accounting (AAA) server to retrieve the per-subscriber NRLPs. This example assumes that the Network Access Server (NAS) embeds both Remote Authentication Dial-In User Service (RADIUS) [RFC2865] client and DHCP server capabilities. .-------------. .-------------. .-------. | Host | | NAS | | AAA | | DHCP Client | | DHCP Server | |Server | | | |RADIUS Client| | | '------+------' '------+------' '---+---' | | | o------DHCPDISCOVER------>| | | o----Access-Request ---->| | | | | |<----Access-Accept------o | | DHCPv4-Options | |<-----DHCPOFFER----------o (OPTION_V4_NRLP) | | (OPTION_V4_NRLP) | | | | | o-----DHCPREQUEST-------->| | | (OPTION_V4_NRLP) | | | | | |<-------DHCPACK----------o | | (OPTION_V4_NRLP) | | | | | DHCP RADIUS Figure 6: An Example of RADIUS NRLP Exchanges Acknowledgments Thanks to Tommy Pauly for the comment on PvD. Authors' Addresses Mohamed Boucadair Orange Email: mohamed.boucadair@orange.com Boucadair, et al. Expires 19 June 2025 [Page 17] Internet-Draft Rate-Limit Policies Discovery December 2024 Dan Wing Cloud Software Group Holdings, Inc. United States of America Email: danwing@gmail.com Tirumaleswar Reddy Nokia India Email: kondtir@gmail.com Sridharan Rajagopalan Cloud Software Group Holdings, Inc. United States of America Email: sridharan.girish@gmail.com Gyan Mishra Verizon Inc United States of America Email: gyan.s.mishra@verizon.com Markus Amend Deutsche Telekom Germany Email: markus.amend@telekom.de Luis M. Contreras Telefonica Spain Email: luismiguel.contrerasmurillo@telefonica.com Boucadair, et al. Expires 19 June 2025 [Page 18]