<html><head><meta name="color-scheme" content="light dark"></head><body><pre style="word-wrap: break-word; white-space: pre-wrap;">\chapter{ç¡¬ä»¶è®¾è®¡}

\section{ä¿¡å·æ”¾å¤§ç”µè·¯}

åœ¨å…‰ç”µæŽ¢æµ‹ç³»ç»Ÿä¸­ï¼ŒæŽ¢æµ‹å™¨è¾“å‡ºçš„ç”µä¿¡å·éžå¸¸å¾®å¼±ï¼Œä¸€èˆ¬ä¸ºæ¯«ä¼çº§ã€‚ä¸ºè®°å½•æ¯ä¸€æ¬¡æ‰“é¶çš„ç»“æžœï¼Œä¿¡å·æ”¾å¤§ä¸Žå¤„ç†ç”µè·¯æ˜¯æ‰“é¶ç³»ç»Ÿä¸­ä¸å¯æˆ–ç¼ºçš„ã€‚åœ¨æŽ¢æµ‹å™¨ä¸Šç›´æŽ¥è¿›è¡Œä¿¡å·å¤„ç†ååˆ†å›°
éš¾ï¼Œä¸€ç§å¸¸ç”¨çš„è§£å†³åŠžæ³•æ˜¯åœ¨æŽ¢æµ‹å™¨åŽæŽ¥å‰ç½®æ”¾å¤§å™¨ï¼Œç”¨æ¥æ”¾å¤§æŽ¢æµ‹å™¨çš„è¾“å‡ºä¿¡å·ï¼Œç„¶åŽæˆ
åŠŸåœ°ä¼&nbsp;è¾“åˆ°ä¿¡å·å¤„ç†ç³»ç»Ÿçš„æœ‰å…³ç”µè·¯éƒ¨åˆ†ã€‚å‰ç½®æ”¾å¤§å™¨çš„è®¾è®¡è¦æ±‚æ˜¯ä½Žå™ªå£°ï¼Œé«˜å¢žç›Šï¼Œä½Žè¾“
å‡ºé˜»æŠ—ï¼Œå¤§çš„åŠ¨æ€èŒƒå›´ï¼Œå’Œè¾ƒå¥½çš„æŠ—å™ªå£°èƒ½åŠ›ã€‚

åœ¨æ¿€å…‰æ‰“é¶ç³»ç»Ÿä¸­ï¼Œå¯¹å…‰ç”µæ±&nbsp;äº§ç”Ÿçš„è„‰å†²ä¿¡å·çš„å…·ä½“å¤§å°å€¼è¦æ±‚ä¸é«˜ï¼Œåªéœ€æ£€æµ‹å‡ºæœ‰æ•ˆçš„è„‰
å†²ä¿¡å·ï¼Œå›&nbsp;æ­¤å¯é€‰ç”¨é›†æˆè¿æ”¾æ¥ç»„æˆè¿ç®—æ”¾å¤§ç”µè·¯ã€‚

é€šè¿‡æµ‹è¯•ï¼Œå¾—åˆ°å…‰ç”µæŽ¢æµ‹å™¨å¯¹çš„æ¿€å…‰è„‰å†²çš„å“åº”å¹…åº¦å…¸åž‹å€¼çº¦ä¸º$\qty5\mV$ï¼Œè‹¥æ¿€å…‰å‡»ä¸­
åœ¨ä¸¤å—æˆ–å¤šå—æŽ¢æµ‹å™¨è¾¹ç•Œå¤„ï¼Œåˆ™ä»»ä½•ä¸€å—å…‰ç”µæŽ¢æµ‹å™¨çš„å“åº”å¹…åº¦ä¼šå‡å°‘ï¼Œå›&nbsp;æ­¤æ‰€æ£€æµ‹çš„è„‰å†²
å¹…åº¦èŒƒå›´å¤§çº¦æ˜¯$\num3\sim\qty5\mV$.ä¸ºä½¿æ¯å—å…‰ç”µæŽ¢æµ‹å™¨å‡èƒ½æ£€æµ‹å‡ºä¿¡å·ï¼Œä½¿ä¹‹è¾¾åˆ°
TTL ç”µå¹³è¦æ±‚ï¼Œå®žçŽ°ä¿¡å·æ£€æµ‹ï¼Œå¿…é¡»å¯¹ä¿¡å·æ”¾å¤§çº¦ 1000 å€ã€‚å•çº§è¿æ”¾éš¾ä»¥è¾¾åˆ°è¿™ä¹ˆé«˜çš„
æ”¾å¤§å€æ•°ï¼Œå›&nbsp;æ­¤é‡‡ç”¨äºŒçº§è¿æ”¾è¿›è¡Œæ”¾å¤§ï¼Œç¬¬ä¸€çº§ä¸ºå‰ç½®æ”¾å¤§å™¨ã€‚ä¸ºå‡å°‘å‰çº§æ”¾å¤§å™¨çš„åç§»å¯¹
åŽçº§æ”¾å¤§å™¨çš„å½±å“ï¼Œè®¾è®¡å…¶æ”¾å¤§å€æ•°$A_1=100$ï¼›ä»Žè€Œæ¬¡çº§æ”¾å¤§å™¨çš„æ”¾å¤§å€æ•°$A_2=10$ã€‚

\subsection{é›†æˆè¿ç®—æ”¾å¤§å™¨ï¼ˆLM324ï¼‰}

é›†æˆè¿ç®—æ”¾å¤§å™¨æ˜¯å®žçŽ°é«˜å¢žç›Šæ”¾å¤§åŠŸèƒ½çš„ä¸€ç§é›†æˆå™¨ä»¶\cite{cn9}ï¼Œæ—©æœŸä¸»è¦ç”¨æ¥å®žçŽ°å¯¹æ¨¡æ‹Ÿé‡è¿›è¡Œ
æ•°å­¦è¿ç®—çš„åŠŸèƒ½ï¼Œç›®å‰éšç€å™¨ä»¶æ€§èƒ½çš„æ”¹è¿›ï¼Œå®ƒå·²æˆä¸ºé€šç”¨çš„å¢žç›Šå™¨ä»¶ï¼Œåº”ç”¨èŒƒå›´éžå¸¸å¹¿æ³›ã€‚

ä»Žç”µç‰¹æ€§æ¥çœ‹ï¼Œé›†æˆè¿æ”¾æŽ¥è¿‘ç†æƒ³çš„ç”µåŽ‹æ”¾å¤§å™¨ä»¶ï¼Œå®ƒä¸ä»…æœ‰å¾ˆå¤§çš„è¾“å…¥ç”µé˜»å’Œå¾ˆå°çš„è¾“å‡º
ç”µé˜»ï¼Œè€Œä¸”è¿˜æœ‰å¾ˆé«˜çš„ç”µåŽ‹å¢žç›Šï¼Œæ­¤å¤–ï¼Œé™æ€å·¥ä½œæ—¶ï¼Œå®ƒçš„è¾“å…¥å’Œè¾“å‡ºç”µä½å‡ä¸ºé›¶ï¼Œè¿™æ&nbsp;·ï¼Œ
åœ¨ä¸Žå…¶å®ƒé›†æˆè¿æ”¾è¿žæŽ¥æ—¶ï¼Œå°±ä¸éœ€è¦è€ƒè™‘å®ƒä»¬ä¹‹é—´çš„ç”µå¹³é…ç½®é—®é¢˜ã€‚

LM324 æ˜¯å››é€šé“çš„ä½ŽåŠŸè€—è¿ç®—æ”¾å¤§å™¨ï¼Œå®ƒçš„å†…éƒ¨åŒ…å«å››ç»„å½¢å¼å®Œå…¨ç›¸åŒçš„è¿ç®—æ”¾å¤§å™¨ï¼Œé™¤ç”µ
æºå…±ç”¨å¤–ï¼Œå››ç»„è¿æ”¾ç›¸äº’ç‹¬ç«‹ï¼Œå…¶æ€§èƒ½å‚æ•°æœ‰ä»¥ä¸‹å‡&nbsp;ä¸ªæ–¹é¢ï¼š

\begin{enumerate}
  \item å•ç”µæºå·¥ä½œæ–¹å¼ï¼Œå·¥ä½œç”µå¹³$\qty3\V\sim\qty{30}\V$
  \item ä½Žæ¶ˆè€—ç”µæµï¼šçº¦$\qty{0.8}\mA$
  \item ä½Žè¾“å…¥åç§»ï¼šè¾“å…¥ç”µåŽ‹åç§»ï¼š$\qty3\mV$ï¼ˆTypï¼‰ï¼›è¾“å…¥ç”µæµåç§»ï¼š$\qty2\nA$ï¼ˆTypï¼‰
  \item å¼€çŽ¯å¢žç›Šï¼š$\qty{100}\V/\unit\mV=\qty{100}\dB$ï¼ˆTypï¼‰
  \item å®½å“åº”é¢‘å¸¦
\end{enumerate}

\newpage
\begin{figure}[htbp]
  \centering
  \includegraphics[width = .595\linewidth]{image-0162}
  \caption{LM324å†…éƒ¨ç»“æž„}
  \label{4-1}
\end{figure}

\subsection{æ”¾å¤§ç”µè·¯å›¾}

\begin{figure}[htbp]
  \centering
  \includegraphics[width = .93\linewidth]{image-0163}
  \caption{è¿ç®—æ”¾å¤§å™¨ç”µè·¯å›¾}
  \label{4-2}
\end{figure}

æ”¾å¤§å™¨ç”µè·¯å¦‚\cref{4-2} æ‰€ç¤ºã€‚å®ƒç”±ä¸¤çº§ç»“æž„ç›¸åŒçš„åŒç›¸æ”¾å¤§å™¨ç»„æˆï¼Œé›†æˆæ”¾å¤§å™¨é€‰ç”¨
LM324ï¼ˆ\cref{4-1}ï¼‰ã€‚ä¿¡å·ç»éš”ç›´æµç”µå®¹C1ä»Žç¬¬ä¸€çº§æ”¾å¤§å™¨çš„æ­£ç«¯
``\ensuremath+''è¾“å…¥ï¼Œç»è¿‡æ”¾å¤§åŽè¾“å‡ºï¼Œå†ç»è¿‡çº§é—´è€¦åˆç”µå®¹C2è¾“å…¥ç¬¬äºŒçº§æ”¾å¤§å™¨
çš„æ­£ç«¯ã€‚å‰çº§çš„æ”¾å¤§å€æ•°$A_1=R_2/R_1=100$ï¼ŒåŽçº§çš„æ”¾å¤§å€æ•°$A_2=R_6/R_5=10$ï¼Œ
$R_3$å’Œ$R_7$ä¸ºè¾“å…¥åŒ¹é…ç”µé˜»ã€‚

\subsection{ç”µè·¯åŽŸç†}

\begin{enumerate}
  \item åŒç›¸æ”¾å¤§å™¨\cite{cn10}ï¼ˆ\cref{4-3}ï¼‰
  
  é›†æˆè¿æ”¾æ˜¯ä¸€ç§ååˆ†ç†æƒ³çš„å¢žç›Šå™¨ä»¶ï¼Œæ€§èƒ½å¥½ï¼Œä½¿ç”¨æ–¹ä¾¿ã€‚è¯¥ç”µè·¯é‡‡ç”¨ 2 çº§æ”¾å¤§å™¨çº§
  è”ï¼Œæ¯çº§çš„æ”¾å¤§å™¨å‡é‡‡ç”¨åŒç›¸æ”¾å¤§ã€‚

  ç”±é›†æˆè¿æ”¾æž„æˆçš„åŒç›¸æ”¾å¤§å™¨ï¼Œå…¶ç‰¹ç‚¹æ˜¯è¾“å…¥ä¿¡å·åŠ&nbsp;åœ¨åŒç›¸è¾“å…¥ç«¯ï¼Œè€Œåé¦ˆä¿¡å·åŠ&nbsp;åœ¨åç›¸ç«¯ã€‚æ&nbsp;¹æ®ç†æƒ³åŒ–æ¡ä»¶ï¼Œç”±äºŽ$v_+=v_s$ï¼Œå›&nbsp;è€Œ$v_-\approx v_s$ã€‚æ›´å…·$i\to0$ï¼ˆè™šæ–­ï¼‰ï¼Œ$v_-$åˆæ˜¯$v_o$åœ¨$R_1$ä¸Šçš„åˆ†åŽ‹å€¼ï¼Œå³ï¼š
  \begin{equation}
    v_-=v_o\frac{R_1}{R_1+R_f}
  \end{equation}
  å›&nbsp;è€Œï¼Œæ”¾å¤§å™¨çš„å¢žç›Šï¼š
  \begin{equation}
    A_{V_f}=\frac{v_o}{v_s}=\frac{R_1+R_f}{R_1}=1+\frac{R_f}{R_1}
  \end{equation}
  $\because A_{V_f}&gt;0$ï¼Œæ‰€ä»¥$v_o$ä¸Ž$v_s$åŒç›¸ã€‚
  
  \begin{figure}[htbp]
    \centering
    \includegraphics[width = .54\linewidth]{image-0236}
    \caption{åŒç›¸æ”¾å¤§å™¨}
    \label{4-3}
  \end{figure}
  \item å¤–å›´ç”µè·¯
  
  å…‰ç”µä¼&nbsp;æ„Ÿå™¨å¯¹å¤–éƒ¨å…‰çº¿ä¹Ÿæœ‰å“åº”ï¼Œå›&nbsp;æ­¤å¿…é¡»æ»¤é™¤è¿™ç§å¹²æ‰°ã€‚ç”±äºŽèƒŒæ™¯å…‰çº¿æ˜¯æŒç»­ä¿¡å·ï¼Œå…¶
  å“åº”ä¸»è¦æ˜¯ç›´æµé‡ï¼Œåœ¨ç¬¬ä¸€çº§æ”¾å¤§å™¨è¾“å…¥ç«¯çš„å‰é¢è®¾è®¡æŽ¥å…¥ä¸€ä¸ª$\qty1\uF$ç”µå®¹C1èµ·åˆ°
  éš”ç¦»ç›´æµä½œç”¨ï¼Œèƒ½èµ·åˆ°å¾ˆå¥½çš„æ•ˆæžœã€‚ç¬¬äºŒçº§çš„$\qty1\uF$ç”µå®¹C2ç”¨äºŽä¸¤çº§æ”¾å¤§å™¨çš„è€¦åˆã€‚

  ç¬¬ä¸€çº§æ”¾å¤§å™¨è¾“å…¥ç«¯å’Œåœ°ä¹‹é—´æŽ¥ R3ï¼›ç¬¬äºŒçº§æ”¾å¤§å™¨è¾“å…¥ç«¯å’Œåœ°ä¹‹é—´æŽ¥ R7ã€‚ä½¿å¾—ï¼š
  \begin{equation}
    \begin{cases}
      R_3\approx R_1//R_2\\
      R_7\approx R_5//R_6
    \end{cases}
  \end{equation}
  è¿™æ&nbsp;·ï¼Œè¿æ”¾çš„æ­£ã€è´Ÿè¾“å…¥ç«¯å¯¹åœ°çš„ç­‰æ•ˆç”µé˜»ç›¸ç­‰ï¼Œä»Žè€Œé™ä½Žè¿æ”¾çš„ç”µåŽ‹åç§»ã€‚
\end{enumerate}

\subsection{ç”µè·¯å‚æ•°}

\begin{enumerate}
  \item \makebox[9em][l]{è¾“å…¥è„‰å†²å¹…åº¦ï¼š} $U_i\approx\num3\sim\qty5\mV$
  \item \makebox[9em][l]{è¾“å…¥ç”µé˜»ï¼š} $R_i\approx\qty{10}\kohm$
  \item \makebox[9em][l]{è¾“å‡ºç”µé˜»ï¼š} $R_o\approx\qty1\kohm$
  \item \makebox[9em][l]{æ”¾å¤§å€æ•°ï¼š} $A=A_1\cdot A_2\approx10\times100=1000$
  \item \makebox[9em][l]{æ”¾å¤§å™¨çº§æ•°ï¼š} ä¸¤çº§ï¼Œå‰çº§$A_1\approx100$ï¼›åŽçº§$A_2\approx10$
  \item \makebox[9em][l]{è€¦åˆæ–¹æ³•ï¼š} ç”µå®¹è€¦åˆ
\end{enumerate}

\clearpage
\vspace*{-1.5em}
\section[æ•´å½¢ç”µè·¯]{æ•´å½¢ç”µè·¯\cite{cn11}}

å…‰ç”µæ±&nbsp;çš„è¾“å‡ºè„‰å†²å¹¶ä¸æ˜¯è§„åˆ™çš„çŸ©å½¢è„‰å†²ä¿¡å·ï¼Œè€Œæ˜¯ç±»ä¼¼å‡ä½™å¼¦ä¿¡å·ã€‚å†ç»æ”¾å¤§åŽä¹Ÿä¼šäº§ç”Ÿ
å¤±çœŸï¼Œå›&nbsp;æ­¤å¿…é¡»å¯¹ä¿¡å·è¿›è¡Œæ•´å½¢ã€‚é‡‡ç”¨å¸¸ç”¨çš„ CD4093 æ–½å¯†ç‰¹è§¦å‘å™¨ä¾¿å¯å®žçŽ°æ•´å½¢åŠŸèƒ½ï¼Œæ”¹
å–„è„‰å†²æ³¢å½¢ï¼Œç¡®ä¿åŽç»­ç¼–ç&nbsp;å™¨çš„æ­£å¸¸ç¼–ç&nbsp;ã€‚

æ–½å¯†ç‰¹è§¦å‘å™¨ä¸ä»…å¯ä»¥è¿›è¡Œæ³¢å½¢æ•´å½¢ï¼Œå®ƒçš„è¿Ÿæ»žç‰¹æ€§è¿˜å¯ä»¥æœ‰æ•ˆåœ°å…‹æœå™ªå£°å’Œå¹²æ‰°çš„å½±å“ï¼Œåªè¦å™ªå£°å’Œå¹²æ‰°çš„å¤§å°å¤„åœ¨è¿Ÿæ»žå®½åº¦å†…ï¼Œå°±ä¸ä¼šæœ‰é”™è¯¯çš„è¾“å‡ºã€‚æ–½å¯†ç‰¹è§¦å‘å™¨å±žäºŽç”µå¹³è§¦
å‘ï¼Œå¯¹äºŽç¼“æ…¢å˜åŒ–çš„ä¿¡å·ä»ç„¶é€‚ç”¨ï¼Œå½“è¾“å…¥ä¿¡å·è¾¾åˆ°é˜ˆå€¼ç”µåŽ‹æ—¶ï¼Œç”µè·¯çŠ¶æ€å‘ç”Ÿè½¬æ¢ï¼Œé€šè¿‡
ç”µè·¯å†…éƒ¨çš„æ­£åé¦ˆè¿‡ç¨‹ä½¿å¾—è¾“å‡ºç”µåŽ‹çš„æ³¢å½¢çš„è¾¹æ²¿å˜å¾—å¾ˆé™¡å³­ã€‚åˆ©ç”¨æ–½å¯†ç‰¹è§¦å‘å™¨å¯ä»¥å®žçŽ°
æœ‰æ•ˆè„‰å†²çš„è¯†åˆ«è§\cref{4-5}ã€‚

\begin{figure}[htbp]
  \centering
  \includegraphics[width = .65\linewidth]{image-0284}
  \caption{æ–½å¯†ç‰¹è§¦å‘å™¨çš„ç”µåŽ‹ä¼&nbsp;è¾“ç‰¹æ€§\quad (a) åŒç›¸è¾“å‡ºï¼›(b) åç›¸è¾“å‡º}
  \label{4-4}
\end{figure}

\begin{figure}[htbp]
  \centering
  \includegraphics[width = .95\linewidth]{image-0285}
  \caption{åˆ©ç”¨æ–½å¯†ç‰¹è§¦å‘å™¨å®žçŽ°æœ‰æ•ˆè„‰å†²çš„è¯†åˆ«}
  \label{4-5}
\end{figure}

\section[ç¼–ç&nbsp;ç”µè·¯]{ç¼–ç&nbsp;ç”µè·¯\cite{cn11}}

å¯¹äºŽ 38 è·¯ä¿¡å·é€šé“ï¼Œå¿…é¡»å¯¹å…¶è¿›è¡Œç¼–ç&nbsp;ä»¥ä¾¿äºŽä¿¡å·è¯†åˆ«å’Œä¼&nbsp;è¾“ã€‚38 è·¯ä¿¡å·æŒ‰ç…§è®¾è®¡æ–¹æ¡ˆ
ç¼–ç&nbsp;ä¸º 1--38 å·ï¼Œè„±é¶æ—&nbsp;ä¿¡å·è®°ä¸º 0 å·ã€‚å¯¹å¤šä¸ªæŽ¢æµ‹å™¨åŒæ—¶æŽ¥æ”¶åˆ°ä¿¡å·çš„æƒ…å†µï¼Œå¯¹åº”äºŽ
æŽ¢æµ‹å™¨çš„ç&nbsp;å·å°±æ˜¯å–ç&nbsp;å·å¤§çš„æŽ¢æµ‹å™¨ä¸ºæœ‰æ•ˆï¼Œé‡‡ç”¨ä¼˜å…ˆç¼–ç&nbsp;å™¨ä¾¿å¯å®žçŽ°ç¼–ç&nbsp;çš„ä¼˜å…ˆé€‰æ‹©ã€‚

å•†ç”¨çš„å•ä¸ªä¼˜å…ˆç¼–ç&nbsp;å™¨çš„ç¼–ç&nbsp;è¾“å…¥æœ€å¤šåªæœ‰ 8 è·¯ï¼Œè¦æž„æˆæ›´å¤šè·¯çš„ä¼˜å…ˆç¼–ç&nbsp;
å™¨ï¼Œå¯ä»¥é‡‡ç”¨ 6 ç‰‡ 8-3 ä¼˜å…ˆç¼–ç&nbsp;å™¨è¿›è¡Œæ‰©å±•ä¸º 40-6 ä¼˜å…ˆç¼–ç&nbsp;å™¨ã€‚

\subsection{ç¼–ç&nbsp;ç”µè·¯å›¾}

\begin{figure}[htbp]
  \centering
  \includegraphics[width = .93\linewidth]{image-0289}
  \caption{40-6 ä¼˜å…ˆç¼–ç&nbsp;å™¨ç”µè·¯å›¾}
  \label{4-6}
\end{figure}

\subsection{ç”µè·¯åŽŸç†}

\begin{enumerate}
  \item ä¼˜å…ˆç¼–ç&nbsp;å™¨ï¼ˆ74HC148ï¼‰
  
  8-3 çº¿ä¼˜å…ˆç¼–ç&nbsp;å™¨çš„åŠŸèƒ½è¡¨å¦‚\cref{4-7}ã€‚å¾…ç¼–ç&nbsp;çš„ 8 æ¡è¾“å…¥çº¿ é‡‡ç”¨ 8 ä¸­å– 1 
  ç&nbsp;ï¼Œé€»è¾‘ 0 æœ‰æ•ˆï¼Œç¼–ç&nbsp;åŽçš„è¾“å‡º ç”¨åç&nbsp;è¡¨ç¤ºã€‚å¯ä»¥çœ‹å‡ºï¼Œç¼–ç&nbsp;å™¨æ˜¯ä»¥è¾“å…¥ä¸º 0 çš„æœ€é«˜
  ä¼˜å…ˆç¼–ç&nbsp;çš„ï¼Œè€Œä½Žä½è‹¥åŒæ—¶è¾“å…¥ 0ï¼Œåˆ™æ˜¯æ—&nbsp;æ„ä¹‰çš„ã€‚æ­¤å¤–ï¼Œç”µè·¯è¿˜è®¾æœ‰é€‰é€šè¾“å…¥ï¼Œå³ä½¿èƒ½
  ç«¯ EIï¼Œå®ƒä¹Ÿæ˜¯é€»è¾‘ 0 æœ‰æ•ˆï¼›è¾“å‡ºè¿˜è®¾æœ‰å…è®¸è¾“å‡ºç«¯ Eo åŠå…è®¸æ‰©å±•ç«¯ Gsï¼Œåˆ©ç”¨å®ƒä»¬
  å¯åˆ¤æ–­å‡º æ˜¯å¦æœ‰æ•ˆï¼Œä»¥åŠæ˜¯å¦å…è®¸æ‰©å±•ç¼–ç&nbsp;ã€‚æ&nbsp;¹æ®çœŸå€¼è¡¨ï¼Œå†™å‡ºç¼–ç&nbsp;å™¨çš„é€»è¾‘è¡¨è¾¾å¼å¦‚ä¸‹ï¼š
  \begin{equation}
    \begin{aligned}
      \overline{A_2}&amp;=\overline{EI}\cdot I_7+\overline{EI}\cdot I_7\cdot I_6\cdot\overline{I_5}+\overline{EI}\cdot I_7\cdot I_6\cdot I_5\cdot\overline{I_4}\\
      &amp;=\overline{EI}(\overline{I_7}+I_7\overline{I_6}+I_7I_6I_5\overline{I_4})=\overline{EI}(\overline{I_7}+\overline{I_6}+\overline{I_5}+\overline{I_4})
    \end{aligned}
  \end{equation}
  æ•…ï¼š
  \begin{equation}
    A_2=\overline{\overline{EI}(\overline{I_7}+\overline{I_6}+\overline{I_5}+\overline{I_4})}
  \end{equation}
  åŒç†ï¼š
  \begin{gather}
    A_1=\overline{\overline{EI}(\overline{I_7}+\overline{I_6}+I_5I_4\overline{I_3}+I_5I_4I_2)}\\
    A_0=\overline{\overline{EI}(\overline{I_7}+I_6\overline{I_5}+I_6I_4\overline{I_3}+I_6I_4I_2\overline{I_1})}
  \end{gather}
  è€Œå…è®¸è¾“å‡ºä¸ºï¼š
  \begin{equation}
    E_OE_0=\overline{\overline{EI}\cdot I_7I_6I_5I_4I_3I_2I_1I_0}
  \end{equation}
  å…è®¸æ‰©å±•ç«¯æ˜¯ï¼š
  \begin{equation}
    Gs=EI+\overline{EI}\cdot I_7\;I_6\;I_5\;I_4\;I_3\;I_2\;I_1\;I_0=\overline{\overline{EI}\cdot E_O}
  \end{equation}

  \begin{table}[htbp]
    \centering\scriptsize
    \renewcommand\arraystretch{1.12}
    \begin{tabular}{|&gt;{\centering\arraybackslash\sffamily}p{.04\linewidth}|*{8}{&gt;{\centering\arraybackslash\sffamily}p{.04\linewidth}}|*{3}{&gt;{\centering\arraybackslash\sffamily}p{.04\linewidth}}|*{2}{&gt;{\centering\arraybackslash\sffamily}p{.04\linewidth}}|}
      \hline
      \multicolumn{9}{|&gt;{\sffamily\bfseries}c|}{INPUTS} &amp; \multicolumn{5}{&gt;{\sffamily\bfseries}c|}{OUTPUTS}\\
      \hline
      EI &amp; 0 &amp; 1 &amp; 2 &amp; 3 &amp; 4 &amp; 5 &amp; 6 &amp; 7 &amp; A2 &amp; A1 &amp; A0 &amp; GS &amp; EO\\
      \hline
      H &amp; X &amp; X &amp; X &amp; X &amp; X &amp; X &amp; X &amp; X &amp; H &amp; H &amp; H &amp; H &amp; H\\
      L &amp; H &amp; H &amp; H &amp; H &amp; H &amp; H &amp; H &amp; H &amp; H &amp; H &amp; H &amp; H &amp; L\\
      L &amp; X &amp; X &amp; X &amp; X &amp; X &amp; X &amp; X &amp; L &amp; L &amp; L &amp; L &amp; L &amp; H\\
      L &amp; X &amp; X &amp; X &amp; X &amp; X &amp; X &amp; L &amp; H &amp; L &amp; L &amp; H &amp; L &amp; H\\
      L &amp; X &amp; X &amp; X &amp; X &amp; X &amp; L &amp; H &amp; H &amp; L &amp; H &amp; L &amp; L &amp; H\\
      L &amp; X &amp; X &amp; X &amp; X &amp; L &amp; H &amp; H &amp; H &amp; L &amp; H &amp; H &amp; L &amp; H\\
      L &amp; X &amp; X &amp; X &amp; L &amp; H &amp; H &amp; H &amp; H &amp; X &amp; L &amp; L &amp; L &amp; H\\
      L &amp; X &amp; X &amp; L &amp; H &amp; H &amp; H &amp; H &amp; H &amp; X &amp; L &amp; H &amp; L &amp; H\\
      L &amp; X &amp; L &amp; H &amp; H &amp; H &amp; H &amp; H &amp; H &amp; X &amp; H &amp; L &amp; L &amp; H\\
      L &amp; L &amp; H &amp; H &amp; H &amp; H &amp; H &amp; H &amp; H &amp; X &amp; H &amp; H &amp; L &amp; H\\
      \hline
    \end{tabular}
    \caption{8-3 çº¿ä¼˜å…ˆç¼–ç&nbsp;å™¨çœŸå€¼è¡¨ï¼ˆ74HC148ï¼‰}
    \label{4-7}
  \end{table}
  \item 8-3 çº¿ä¼˜å…ˆç¼–ç&nbsp;å™¨æ‰©å±•ä¸º 40-6 çº¿ä¼˜å…ˆç¼–ç&nbsp;å™¨ï¼ˆ\cref{4-6}ï¼‰
  
  5 ç‰‡ 74HC148 å¹¶æŽ’ç”¨ä½œè¾“å…¥ï¼Œå…¶è¾“å…¥ä»Žä½Žä½ç‰‡åˆ°é«˜ä½ç‰‡æŽ’åˆ—ä¸º
  $I_0\sim I_{39}$ ã€‚æ¯ä¸€ä¸ªé«˜ä½ç‰‡çš„è¾“å‡ºå…è®¸ç«¯ Eo æŽ¥å…¶ç›¸å¯¹ä½Žä½ç‰‡çš„ä½¿èƒ½ç«¯ EIã€‚è¿™æ&nbsp;·ï¼Œå½“æ€»ä½¿èƒ½$\text{EI}=0$æ—¶ï¼Œå…è®¸ç”µè·¯è¿›è¡Œç¼–ç&nbsp;å·¥ä½œï¼Œè‹¥é«˜ä½ç‰‡çš„è¯¸è¾“å…¥ä¸­æœ‰ä¸€
  ä¸ªä¸º$0$æ—¶ï¼Œè¯¥ç‰‡çš„ $\text{Eo}=1$ï¼Œ$\text{Gs}=0$ï¼Œè¿™æ&nbsp;·å°±ç¦æ­¢äº†ä½Žä½ç‰‡çš„ç¼–
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  çš„$I_0$ã€$I_1$ã€$I_2$ã€$I_3$ã€$I_4$è¾“å…¥ç«¯ï¼Œè€Œ$I_5$ã€$I_6$ã€$I_7$ç«¯åˆ™æŽ¥
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\end{enumerate}

\section{ä¸²è¡Œä¼&nbsp;é€}

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\subsection{å•ç‰‡æœºåŠå¤–å›´ç”µè·¯å›¾}

\begin{figure}[htbp]
  \centering
  \includegraphics[width = .9\linewidth]{image-0419}
  \caption{2051 å•ç‰‡æœºåŠå…¶å¤–å›´ç”µè·¯å›¾}\label{4-8}
\end{figure}

\subsection{ç”µè·¯åŽŸç†}

\begin{enumerate}
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\subsection{AT89C2051 å•ç‰‡æœº\cite{cn12}}

AT89C2051 å•ç‰‡æœºæ˜¯ AT89C51 çš„ç®€åŒ–åž‹å·ï¼Œå…¶æŒ‡ä»¤ç³»ç»Ÿå’Œå†…éƒ¨ RAM å‡ä¸Ž AT89C51ç›¸
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\newpage
\begin{figure}[htbp]
  \centering
  \includegraphics[width = .53\linewidth]{image-0439}
  \caption{2051 ä¿¡å·å¼•è„šå›¾}
  \label{4-9}
\end{figure}

\section{ç”µå¹³è½¬æ¢}

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\begin{figure}[htbp]
  \centering
  \includegraphics[width = .52\linewidth]{image-0440}
  \caption{MAX232CPE èŠ¯ç‰‡å†…éƒ¨ç»“æž„}
  \label{4-10}
\end{figure}</pre></body></html>